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Abuhussain, M (2020) An assessment of the Saudi Residential Buildings Envelope Code under the current and future climate change scenarios: the case for Jeddah in the hot and humid climate region, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Akade, S A (2017) Understanding the impact of culture on project execution in a developing country: an action research study of six international oil and gas companies in Nigeria, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Management, University of Liverpool.

Akinnola, P (2021) Improving project performance on construction projects through stakeholder management-an action research inquiry, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Aksenova, G (2020) The dark side of ecosystem orchestration: an empirical investigation of building information management in the digital built environment sector, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Al Hawsah, M O (2020) The impact of project sponsors' decisions on the success of projects: An action research study, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Al-Ashaikh, M H (1996) Project management in the public sector of Saudi Arabia, problems and solutions, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Al-Gathafi, M M (2005) Riskness of time and cost overruns and the effectiveness of risk response measure strategies in the Libyan construction industry, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture and Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Al-Hachami, Z (2020) Decision making in the oil and gas construction project management: structured VS discretionary, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Al-Omari, T (2004) Stochastic regression modelling of cost and duration overrun of construction projects implemented in Kuwait, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture and Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Alattyih, W (2015) Value creation and risk assessment for green building design in Saudi Arabia, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Aljarman, M (2016) Emerging risk from the application of building information modelling through the life cycle of projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Alzaed, A (2012) User centered passive building design, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Alzahrani, A (2015) Uncovering the emerging risks from climate change scenarios and related climate change risk management in the building sector in the UK, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Alzahrani, S (2015) Dynamic simulation of the impact of risk events and risk cost in KSA PPP projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Bassanino, M N (1999) The perception of computer generated architectural images, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The University of Liverpool (United Kingdom).

Binsarra, F A (2016) Uncovering the structure and the dynamic of information propagation in building, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Blyth, K A (2002) A computer model that forecasts the cash flow of building projects at the tender stage using stage payments, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture and Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Elhag, T M S (2004) Tender price modelling: artificial neural networks and regression techniques, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture & Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Evans, R C (2002) Dynamic cash flow forecasting model for construction contractors, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture and Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Feldbauer, R R (2019) Mindful project management: a framework to enhance underperformance managing large hospital builds by incorporating principles adapted from High Reliability Organizations, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Management, University of Liverpool.

Gee, S (2019) The development of an innovative, lean, mobile factory system to manufacture timber frame closed panels in temporary locations for use in the Assembly of Houses in the Affordable Rented Sector, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Gholami, E (2017) Exploiting BIM in energy efficient domestic retrofit: evaluation of benefits and barriers, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Gkeredakis, E (2009) Explaining the distinctiveness of coordination through an in-depth study of a major construction project, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Management School, University of Liverpool.

Hepworth, A (2021) Decision-making in immature projects organisational environment: A mental model approach that influences conscientious critical thinking, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Ibrahim, A M (2019) A method to support leadership effectiveness in a construction project organisation in Nigeria, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Management, University of Liverpool.

Jervis, E (2015) Lowering CO2 emissions: a framework for overcoming institutional pressures and diffusing low carbon strategy throughout the construction supply chain, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Management, University of Liverpool.

Khodadadyan, A (2021) Living and future tools for risk assessment: an examination of the possibilities for fusion, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Kirkham, R J (2002) A stochastic whole life cycle cost model for a national health service acute care hospital building, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Kori, S i (2017) BIM business value creation for SME architectural firms in Nigeria using intellectual capital development, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Makwiranzou, C (2019) Building trust and managing risk between the client, consultant, and contractor in traditional and relational construction projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Management, University of Liverpool.

Morton, R R (1982) The speculative housebuilding industry in the nineteen seventies, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Munir, M (2020) Development of a building information modelling asset value realisation model, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Nizam Shaikh, R (2019) BIM-based investigation of total energy consumption in delivering buildings as a product, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Raimi, T (2017) Achieving customer satisfaction in a private housing organisation in Nigeria, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Salih, A (2020) Project management information system introduction: Challenges and remedies in a construction context, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Savva, C (2023) Lessons that can be learnt using action research strategies within TfL, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The University of Liverpool (United Kingdom).

Sujan, S F (2020) A holistic and systemic model of collaboration in the AED industry, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Sutton, R M (2019) The development of a sustainable construction design process, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Tomlinson, J (1998) A premises occupancy cost forecasting model, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The University of Liverpool.

  • Type: Thesis
  • Keywords: taxonomy; occupancy; benchmarking; building design; cleaning; costs in use; estimating; facilities management; forecasting; case study
  • ISBN/ISSN:
  • URL: https://www.proquest.com/docview/1780168903
  • Abstract:
    Whenthis research began in 1993 facilities management wasa relatively new discipline. The thesis begins by examining the backgroundand contributory factors to the evolution offacilities management,before identifying and discussing its four pivotal features of Property, People, Organisations and Change. The author examinesthe function androle offacilities managementandidentifies a numberof criteria by which its status as a new profession can be judged.Thethesis sets out a rigorousliterature review of the subject of Occupancy Costs and Costs in Use in which previous works are examined andtheir theories, opinions and models assessed in the light of current industrial practice and requirements. The results of a survey in which the author assessed the current practices used by organisations to collect and analyse their property related expenditure are set out.This thesis tests a hypothesis which emanated from the author’s belief that the costs associated with occupying premises are as much a product of the peculiarities of the occupying organisation as they are the physical characteristics of the buildingitself. The author examinedthe useofexisting cost benchmarking and comparison techniques which rely on mean or yardstick costs derived from samplesofexisting property, but found them of only limited use. This led to the hypothesis that an occupancy cost model which adopts a ‘bottom-up’ approach by forecasting individual items of expenditure from first principles could be at least as effective as existing techniques and provide additional modelling benefits.This thesis examines the variability of occupancy costs and the influence of the type of business enterprise, location, tenure, organisation, building design and time. The principle hurdles in structuring cost data for the management phase of a building’s life stem from the need to be able to equate levels of expenditure to aspects of the performanceorutility achieved, and the need to represent the physical components, systems, services and furniture which comprise the building and its support services. The Occupancy Cost Data Model (O.C.D.M.) is a universal taxonomy capable of classifying expenditure against the physical characteristics of the building and the performance requirements of the organisation. Adoption of the O.C.D.M. should promote consistency in the analysis of cost data, facilitate meaningful cost comparisons and benchmarking, and encourage dialogue and communication.The O.C.D.M.was devised to assist the developmentofthe Occupancy Cost Forecasting Model (O.C.F.M.). The O.C.F.M. adopts a ‘bottom-up’ approach to occupancy cost prediction for office buildings by using a computer spreadsheet application to simulate from first principles each item of expenditure. This allows forecasts of expenditure to reflect the physical characteristics of the building and its systems, and the performance requirements of the organisation. The development and structure of the O.C.F.M.is described in detail.The O.C.F.M. wastested and validated to ensure that it was adequateforits purpose and to allow those who useit to have confidence in its results and appreciate its limitations. Seven case study buildings and six other occupancy cost services were used to validate the model, and judgements made about the results based on the inherentdifficulty in estimating each cost, the degree of variability likely, and the nature and magnitude of each cost. The model’s forecasting ability for Window Cleaning and Internal Cleaning was particularly good (typically less than +15% error), whilst the inherentdifficulties associated with forecasting Electricity and Gas costs led to errors of up to 50%. No conclusions were made for Decoration or Relamping costs. The O.C.F.M. consistently outperformed the six other services. The O.C.F.M. was used to perform a sensitivity analysis which highlighted the financial significance of a numberof physical, constructional and operational parameters. The O.C.F.M. requires the user to enter detailed information about the building, as suchit s not a replacementfor the other techniques, most of which require only that the user knowthe building’s floor area. However, where such an elementary analysis is insufficient, the author has shown that the O.C.F.M. can produce results which are as goodif not better than those of existing techniques.

Wanous, M (2000) A neurofuzzy expert system for competitive tendering in civil engineering, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture and Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Wellings, F (2005) The rise of the national housebuilder: A history of British housebuilders through the twentieth century, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Xi, J (2013) Evaluating the functional performance of small-scale public demountable buildings, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Zou, Y (2017) Building information modelling and knowledge-based risk management system, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool.